Analysis of A Phenomenological Investigation of Good Supervision Essay

Analysis of A Phenomenological Investigation of Good Supervision - Essay Example Through a phenomenological interview, the researchers were able to garner considerable results for the process of completion. According to the study of Worthen and McNeil, â€Å"phenomenological inquiry is very similar to the interviewing techniques central to the training of counseling psychologists† (p 120). As a result, the researchers of the study were able to find the most convenient source of understanding that lead to their formulation of the elements forming a â€Å"good† supervision event based on the gathered informations gained from the interview procedures handled by the researchers. (p.134) Likely, the problem of supervising issues among psychologists who practice the process of observing and understanding the situations of their clients is the main focus of this particular study. Upon interviewing the eight trainees who were observed to have been involved in examining the supervising procedures handled by their superiors upon clients that they needed to deal with at the time, it could be observed that â€Å"inquiry into the experience of supervision events is a natural methodological extension of researchers’ precious training experiences† (p. 120). Making important implications as to how their superiors handled the situation taught then various values that defined good supervision practices. Through the interpretation of Worthen and McNeil with regards the gained results from the said process adapted for the proving of the ideas suggested by the study that they are aiming to portray for better application in the field of psychological procedures. Several experts in their own field to be able to solve certain issues do researches and also to create possibilities in discovering or even inventing new things based from possibilities and probabilities of the things that exist in the society. Most likely, â€Å"research† as the word defines itself

Tell Tale Heart and the Lotter Essay Example for Free

Tell Tale Heart and the Lotter Essay American writer Henry James believed characters are only as interesting as their responses to particular situations. The statement he made can be supported by many pieces of literature that we have encountered. The way a character reacts to the situation they are placed in can tell a lot about their true character. Two characters were placed in different situations in â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† written Edgar Allan Poe and The Lottery written by Shirley Jackson reactions will be discussed in this essay. In â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† the tenant thought he would get away with the murder he had, but committed cracked under the pressure. Initially when the police offers entered the home he was he was able to keep his composure, but he slowly started to break. My head ached, and I fancied a ringing in my ears: but still they sat and still chatted. The ringing became more distinct:—it continued and became more distinct: I talked more freely to get rid of the feeling: but it continued and gained definitiveness—until, at length, I found that the noise was not within my ears. (Poe 390) At this point the man started to hear things in his mind. He was imagining the beating of the old man’s heart. Prior to his delusion the reader probably believed he would get away with the murder. Finally the man can no longer take the sound of the old man’s heart beating beneath the floor boards. â€Å"Villains!† I shrieked, â€Å"dissemble no more! I admit the deed!—tear up the planks!—here, here!—it is the beating of his hideous heart!† (Poe 391) I believe he told the officers about the old man’s body because his conscience got to him. If he was like most cold, blooded killers his conscience would not have told him he had done something wrong. In â€Å"The Lottery† when the Hutchinson family initially draws the piece of paper from the old black box, Tessie continually pleads to do the redo the drawing of the names. She says, You didnt give him time enough to take any paper he wanted. I saw you. It wasnt fair!(Jackson 267). Even though the drawing of her family’s name was done completely fair she tries to come up with some excuse. Even though her whole family, including her children, initially had the potential to be stoned she was the only one who wanted a redrawing done. When Tessie’s realized she had the paper she did not even try to say goodbye to her family. Most people, even criminals today, would rather spend their last moments saying goodbye to their loved ones. Tessie on the other hand continually said, It isnt fair, it isnt right(Jackson 269). With her continually saying this isn’t fair or right this shows she does not believe in the system her town used. When she first got to the lottery she made a joke about leaving the dishes, as if she was okay with what was about to take place. When her family’s name was drawn her true feeling were shown. She obviously did not agree with having a human sacrifice in order to better her town’s chances of having a good harvest. Both the man from and Tessie were placed in some an extremely tense situation, and both reacted in a similar manner. The man cracked under the pressure of killing the old man and Tessie Hutchinson lost her composure when she found out she was the one who would be stoned. Henry James quote of â€Å"characters are only as interesting as their responses to particular situations† was confirmed from the above reading because both of the characters show a different, more interesting, side of themselves when they faced with a predicament.

Graduation Speech: God Has a Plan for You -- Graduation Speech, Commen

In "Surprised By Joy," C.S. Lewis tells of a mistake that he had observed regarding joy or what he calls "thrills." Lewis realized that what he had first thought to be joy, was actually not joy at all because it began to fade away. He had assumed that he was seeking after the "thrill" itself. He says, "And there lies the deadly error. Only when your whole attention and desire are fixed on something else ... does the 'thrill' arise. It is a by-product. Its very existence presupposes that you desire not it but something other and outer." He realized that when he focused his attention on obtaining the "thrill" of joy, that he was actually focused on himself. True joy is not experienced when one desires joy itself, but when one has his eyes on something else. As believers, the "other and outer" that we have the opportunity to look to is God! God draws us to Himself, our soul responds to Him and in return, He fills our soul with joy. That is portrayed in the words of the Psalmist who says in Psalm 43:3-4, "O send our Your light and Your truth, Let them lead me; Let them bring me t...

2.5 Food Safety Work File

2. 5 Food Safety Work File Directions: Complete the food safety interactive quiz. Use the information from the interactive quiz to complete the following responses regarding food safety practices. For each of the following food safety practices, share at least 2 statements from the interactive quiz. Be sure to put these statements in your own words and explain why they are helpful in preventing food borne illness. An example would be: When dining from a buffet, make sure hot food is hot and cold food is cold.Food that is 40 – 140 degrees Fahrenheit has already begun to grow bacteria and pathogens.Clean (16 points):Keeping your hands clean keep you from getting ill.Keeping your surfaces clean after cooking or letting an animal sit on it.Separate (16 points):When cross contamination happens it spreads bacteria from one item to a food item which will make you sick.Never put cooked food on the same item a raw food was on without washing it.Cook (16 points):Using a food thermometer is the only way you can te ll for sure if a food has reached the temperature that kills the bacteria.Cook thawed food to a minimum internal temperature to kill the bacteria.Chill (16 points):When cooked food is left out for too long it can grow bacteria that can make you sick.Freezig foods to 0 degrees inactivates bacteria’s. In your own kitchen, explain 2 food safety practices you feel your family can improve and 2 food safety practices you feel your family does well.(16 points) I feel we can improve cooking food to the correct temperature, and cleaning our hands after touching raw foods. I feel that we keep cooked foods away from raw foods, and cleaning surfaces after having raw foods on it. In what ways do your school and community practice or promote food safety to contribute to your personal health? (20 points) Our community promotes food safety by having health inspectors come to restraunts and making sure they don’t have any health violations.

Curriculum packages,proposals or prescriptions? Advantages and Disadvantages Essay

This exposition will explore some of the major benefits of an adaptive approach to curriculum implementation in Zimbabwe, as a pose to an adoptive approach, namely increased professional autonomy and creative freedom for teachers, relevance to learner demographics and a wholesome learning experience. Considerations will also be made of the constraints of such an approach, chiefly the issue of resource intensity, accountability and control. It will also outline the applicability of an adoptive approach, in Zimbabwe’s examination oriented educational system, where homogeneity of delivery at the peripheral level is of essence. A curriculum provides the framework for how and when to teach what. McKimm (2007) suggests, the curriculum defines learning outcomes, timetables, content, appropriate teaching methods and assessment instruments. Materials such as teacher’s guides, recommended text books and syllabi for each subject all form part of the curriculum package. In the Zimbabwean context, the curriculum package is arranged by the centre, called the Central Curriculum Development Unit (CDU). The CDU prepares and distributes the curriculum package to the various provinces via the district office to the schools. Taking the curriculum as a proposal is like using it as a prop on the stage, it’s a mere accessory, and it accentuates the core theme of the story. It gives the setting while the actual script is in the hands of the director and cast who are the teacher and the learners respectively. In this case, modifications can be made to suit the geographical and social location of the learners. While a prescriptive approach implies the curriculum package is a script which is to be aped word for word and gesture by gesture, mimicking the demands of the examination. A prescription enforces rules about how a subject should be taught as such the teacher is like a drill sergeant implementing objectives in finite timeframes. To begin with, Ndawi and Maravanyika (2011), â€Å"argue that education and human experiences are too wide and too complex to be reduced down to specifiable and measurable objectives.† From this tenet, one can contend that when a curriculum package is used as a recommendation rather than dogma the teacher can regard every exchange as an opportunity for learning to occur, even when tacitly expressed in the curriculum package. Using this approach, the teacher is limited neither by explicit goals nor by resources, which are sometimes in short supply in resettlement schools, but rather empowered to incorporate innovative tactics, rich creativity and a wholesome range of experiences into his instruction. The product is a well-rounded and adaptable member of the wider society. By contrast having a prescribed curriculum, with exacted and measurable goals, unambiguous methods, specified teaching aids and finite timeframes, is a motivating factor for teachers in the Zimbabwean context where incentives inspire those whose pupils attain a certain level of academic prowess, measured strictly through structured examinations. Thus, it can be said that the system rewards homogeneity more than heterogeneity. What Lawton (1980) terms ‘†¦teacher’s legitimate desire for professional autonomy†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ has been motivated by the pronouncement by the Zimbabwean ministry of education to develop the standard of the teaching fraternity by awarding degreed teachers with job security and a disparate pay scale from that of their diploma holder counterparts. This trend of empowerment and upward mobility can sustain a proposal based approach, which requires highly trained and resourceful teachers. To this end, it is advantageous to approach the curriculum package as a suggested plan of action or recommendation, as it fulfills the teacher’s need to express his ingenuity and self actualise. On the contrary, this adaptive approach can be resource intensive. It takes expertise to enforce variations in curriculum delivery, and training this highly skilled manpower may not be financially feasible for the ministry of education. Where teachers are minimally trained or untrained as in the case of temporary teachers in Zimbabwe, the prescriptive slant tends to be enormously helpful as it defines exactly what to teach, when to teach it and how it should be taught. Textbooks and teacher’s guide explicitly state procedure. The Indian National Council of Educational Research and Training (2006) asserts, â€Å"†¦diversity of languages, social customs, manners, mores and uneven economic development, the needs and demands of individuals and society will have differential pulls on the school curriculum, varying from one region to the other.† Similarly, in Zimbabwe an adaptive approach can cater for the range of abilities, tribal nuances and economic strata found in any school community or classroom. In this light, the teacher is given room to improvise using locally available material, from the community’s culture and landscape, to suit learner demographics, thus the learning experience becomes socially relevant, meaningful and learners gain a sense of ownership of their education. Adversely, Lawton (1980), in this statement, â€Å"†¦secondary-modern-school curricula, often lacked structure and purpose†, alludes to the unconstructiveness, that can be generated by a laissez-faire approach to curriculum interpretation, where teachers have extensive flexibility to manipulate their instruction to suit the demographics of their community rather than the universal values which may be tested at Grade 7, O’ Level and A’ Level examinations. The prescriptive approach to curriculum implementation satisfies theâ€Å"†¦political need for some kind of system of accountability†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Lawton (1980), as in the Zimbabwean case where there are considerably more state funded rural day schools than there are independent ones. When the prescriptive approach is unequivocally applied, teachers can account for their time and the resources the state has invested in the system by way of mid and end of term and final examinations, whereas, hybrid varieties of curriculum are more complex to control, monitor and assess. Delivery problems can be easily diagnosed and corrected. Again, variations may tend to be too localized, producing a breed of learners with limited regional or international marketability in this era of globalization and the information boom. In a subject like science and mathematics there is not much scope for local variations and the adoption of common textbooks in all parts of the country is feasible. Eunitah et al (2013) imply that, in developing socialist educational contexts like Zimbabwe, it is premature to do away with centrally prescribed curricula in order to accomplish uniformity in the provision of education. This uniformity means, all students in Zimbabwe use standardized learning material and receive a standard educational experience. When a student transfers from a rural to an urban school, as is the trend in developing countries, he has the assurance of continuity. Thus, the prescriptive approach to curriculum implementation achieves meritocracy and functionality. Moreover, the Zimbabwean curriculum pays more attention to acquired skills that can be measured; it is largely objectives oriented, in that learning outcomes are evaluated through summative examinations, from time to time. To this end, a prescriptive approach is more effective, as it provides exact standards and expectations of the learner while limiting deviations which may otherwise be of no relevance to the learner, come examination time. Lawton (1980) points out the love-hate relationship teachers may have with the examination system, though meritocratic and fair it can extend so far into the classroom that it stifles independent thinking, self-discovery, curiosity and creativity, which form part of wholesome learning. It can be concluded that while taking the curriculum package as a proposal, encourages a broader range of experiences and an expansive exercise of potentialities in learners due to its adaptability to various geographical and economic circumstances as is found in Zimbabwe. The prescriptive approach is equally beneficial and perhaps more applicable to Zimbabwe because of the nature of the education system which is examination oriented.

Free Essays on Abrnormal

The phenomenon of bipolar affective disorder has been a mystery since the 16th century. History has shown that this affliction can appear in almost anyone. Even the great painter Vincent Van Gogh is believed to have had bipolar disorder. It is clear that in our society many people live with bipolar disorder; however, despite the abundance of people suffering from the it, we are still waiting for definite explanations for the causes and cure. The one fact of which we are painfully aware is that bipolar disorder severely undermines its’ victims ability to obtain and maintain social and occupational success. Because bipolar disorder has such debilitating symptoms, it is imperative that we remain vigilant in the quest for explanations of its causes and treatment. Affective disorders are characterized by a smorgasbord of symptoms that can be broken into manic and depressive episodes. The depressive episodes are characterized by intense feelings of sadness and despair that can become feelings of hopelessness and helplessness. Some of the symptoms of a depressive episode include anhedonia, disturbances in sleep and appetite, psycomoter retardation, loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness, guilt, difficulty thinking, indecision, and recurrent thoughts of death and suicide (Hollandsworth, Jr. 1990 ). The manic episodes are characterized by elevated or irritable mood, increased energy, decreased need for sleep, poor judgment and insight, and often reckless or irresponsible behavior (Hollandsworth, Jr. 1990 ). Bipolar affective disorder affects approximately one percent of the population (approximately three million people) in the United States. It is presented by both males and females. Bipolar disorder involves episodes of mania and depress ion. These episodes may alternate with profound depressions characterized by a pervasive sadness, almost inability to move, hopelessness, and disturbances in appetite, sleep, in concentratio... Free Essays on Abrnormal Free Essays on Abrnormal The phenomenon of bipolar affective disorder has been a mystery since the 16th century. History has shown that this affliction can appear in almost anyone. Even the great painter Vincent Van Gogh is believed to have had bipolar disorder. It is clear that in our society many people live with bipolar disorder; however, despite the abundance of people suffering from the it, we are still waiting for definite explanations for the causes and cure. The one fact of which we are painfully aware is that bipolar disorder severely undermines its’ victims ability to obtain and maintain social and occupational success. Because bipolar disorder has such debilitating symptoms, it is imperative that we remain vigilant in the quest for explanations of its causes and treatment. Affective disorders are characterized by a smorgasbord of symptoms that can be broken into manic and depressive episodes. The depressive episodes are characterized by intense feelings of sadness and despair that can become feelings of hopelessness and helplessness. Some of the symptoms of a depressive episode include anhedonia, disturbances in sleep and appetite, psycomoter retardation, loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness, guilt, difficulty thinking, indecision, and recurrent thoughts of death and suicide (Hollandsworth, Jr. 1990 ). The manic episodes are characterized by elevated or irritable mood, increased energy, decreased need for sleep, poor judgment and insight, and often reckless or irresponsible behavior (Hollandsworth, Jr. 1990 ). Bipolar affective disorder affects approximately one percent of the population (approximately three million people) in the United States. It is presented by both males and females. Bipolar disorder involves episodes of mania and depres sion. These episodes may alternate with profound depressions characterized by a pervasive sadness, almost inability to move, hopelessness, and disturbances in appetite, sleep, in concentratio...

Nationalism, Militarism, and the Alliance as WW2 Factors

Nationalism, Militarism, and the Alliance as WW2 Factors Free Online Research Papers In 1919, the European powers had just recovered from the first World War. At the conclusion, the Paris Peace conference was held, and there it was decided that Germany was solely responsible for the war. This paper seeks to prove that Germany was not the only power responsible for the war, by focusing on the actions of Austria-Hungry and England, as well as explaining Germany’s role. This paper will also discuss how nationalism, militarism, and the alliance system played into the beginning of a war that would shake the world. Austria-Hungry was a major instigator of WWI. After the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the throne, Austria-Hungry sent the country of the assassins, Serbia, an ultimatum that Serbia was bound to reject. â€Å"†¦deliberately framed the ultimatum with the expectation and hope that it would be rejected.† (Fay 2) This quote shows that Austria-Hungry was attempting to instigate a war with Serbia. Furthermore, Austria-Hungry was the first to declare war within the entire world war, when she declared war on Serbia. Also, the alliance system in place in Europe during the war caused Germany to be dragged into warfare with Austria-Hungry, which began the involvement of multiple world powers. England also was an instigator of WWI. If England had acted sooner, siding with the Franco-Russian Alliance, then Austria-Hungry might have been too scared to declare war against Serbia. â€Å"†¦if Sir Edward Grey had listened to German urging, and warned France and Russia early in the crisis, that if they became involved in the war, England would remain neutral, probably Russia would have hesitated with her mobilizations, and France would probably have exerted a restraining influence in St. Petersburg.† (Fay 3) This shows that England could have worked the other side of the war, and warned France and Russia that their actions could have dire consequences, and could have applied the sufficient pressure to prevent a world war. England simply joined the war too late, finalizing the reality of a world war. Finally, Germany must shoulder some of the blame. When Austria-Hungry was considering war with Serbia, Germany pressed war, because she imagined that the war could work in her favor. â€Å"†¦possible to establish a friendly relationship with England, and through England with France. He hoped to bring about a ‘grouping of Germany, England, and France against the Russian colossus†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Fischer 6) This shows that Germany saw herself gaining a further alliance with the other huge powers of the European continent, a goal that was never to be realized. Germany therefore pledged full support to Austria-Hungry, without which there would have been no extra involvement by other world powers in the Austria-Hungry/Serbia conflict. This paper brings into light the reality of the causes of World War One. While historically, Germany is blamed for the war, it is necessary to understand the unfairness of this accusation. Looking at the involvement of Austria-Hungry and England, one can clearly see that the ruling that blamed Germany was incorrect. Understanding that leads one to understand why Germany was so willing to begin World War Two, as they were under the impression that they had been severely slighted. Research Papers on Nationalism, Militarism, and the Alliance as WW2 FactorsAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Analysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaGenetic EngineeringBringing Democracy to AfricaTrailblazing by Eric AndersonQuebec and CanadaEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyPETSTEL analysis of India

MONROE Surname Meaning and Family History

MONROE Surname Meaning and Family History Monroe is a Scots Gaelic surname meaning from the mouth of the river. From bun, meaning mouth of and roe, meaning a river. In Gaelic the b often becomes an m - hence the surname MONROE. Surname Origin: Scottish, Irish Alternate Surname Spellings:  MUNROE, MUNROSE, MONRO, MUNRO, MUNREE Famous People with the MONROESurname James Monroe  - 5th president of the United StatesMarilyn Monroe -  American actress (born  Norma Jeane Mortenson)Vaughn Monroe  - American singer, trumpeter and big band leaderBill Monroe - American musicianAlan H. Monroe  - professor; creator of Monroes motivated sequence Where is the MONROESurname Most Common? According to surname distribution from Forebears, the Monroe surname is most common in the United States, where it is popular throughout the nation. It is found in greatest numbers in some of the largest states by population, including Texas, California and New York, as well as North Carolina and Florida. WorldNames PublicProfiler  also identifies Monroe as most common in the United States, including the District of Columbia, North Carolina, Indiana, Alaska, Louisiana, Virginia, Kentucky, Idaho, Michigan and Mississippi. Genealogy Resources for the Surname MONROE Meanings of Common Scottish  SurnamesUncover the meaning of your Scottish last name with this free guide to the meanings and origins of common surnames from Scotland. Monroe  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Monroe  family crest or coat of arms for the Monroe surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. Munro DNA Surname ProjectIndividuals with the Munro surname and variations such as Monroe  are invited to participate in this group DNA project in an attempt to learn more about Monroe family origins. The website includes information on the project, the research done to date, and instructions on how to participate. MONROE  Family Genealogy ForumThis free message board is focused on descendants of Monroe  ancestors around the world. FamilySearch - MONROE  GenealogyExplore over 1.3  million results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Monroe  surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. MONROE  Surname Mailing ListFree mailing list for researchers of the Monroe  surname and its variations includes subscription details and a searchable archives of past messages. DistantCousin.com - MONROE  Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Monroe. GeneaNet - Monroe  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Monroe  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Monroe  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Monroe  surname from the website of Genealogy Today. - References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back toGlossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Strategic Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategic Human Resource Management - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that  in the modern business setting, there is a lot of competition among organisations that are all seeking to employ high flyers. These are workers who have already attained considerable success in a relatively short time span. Employers are no longer merely interested in dealing with average workers; but are seeking to ensure that their organisations make strategic investment in acquiring the most qualified human capital. The perception of workers has also changed.This research study declares that  unlike the past, the majority of workers no longer wish to merely get a monthly pay check. Employees today are readily prepared to migrate among organisations seeking for the best environment which caters to their multifaceted needs. For younger employees, in particular, money is a secondary factor when seeking for a job. Organisations can capitalise on the trend of high flyers seeking for the best potential employers by using talent management initiative s to draw them. Talent Management usually includes different integrated corporate HR processes which are created to develop, retain and motivate their productive employees. The main objective of talent management initiatives involves creating a culture that meets operational as well as strategic objectives.  In organisations, executives have the responsibility of ensuring that the necessary human resource strategies are used to make sure that high-flyers are strategically deployed.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 111

Assignment Example Another emerging principle is that, learning from success and failure influence achievement of future targets and expectations. This principle has been selected because; managers are not afraid to face challenges, and they act on their own convictions. The third principle stipulates; it is imperative to engage effortlessly in activities and tasks, which add value to organizational performance. This principle was chosen with the view that managers only direct resources and time to projects, which contribute profitably to an organization (Saxena, 2009). The goal to be developed from this principle is the continuous improvements in the efficiency of the organization’s operations and functions, and this adds value to productivity. The main challenge in achieving this goal is because it is less effective when accomplishing tasks, which require assistance and direction. This goal can be well implemented when individuals are highly motivated and require minimum supervision (Goleman, 2000). I also value the care for humanity. The first principle generated from this value states; all individuals are capable of success, and everyone wants to deliver to their fullest potential. The principle was chosen because I believe that employees can work better when pursuing a common objective. The second principle explores how individuals can achieve high expectations and required standards through inspiration. The principle has been chosen as it explains the importance of encouraging people in order to attain challenging goals. The third principle outlines the significance of building superior relationships when working with others through confidence and trust. This principle seeks to imply the effectiveness of teamwork when individual efforts are recognized. The goal underlying this principle relates to developing a mutual relationship and respect for all individuals. This

Impacts of Technology on Human Creativity Introduction Research Paper

Impacts of Technology on Human Creativity Introduction - Research Paper Example Technology has made it too easy for human to acquire the different necessities automatically without taking time to think of how different machineries work. However, technology entails inventing new designs and models, thus it requires some creativity. Additionally, advancement in technology results in emergence of new problems whose resolution requires application of creativity. For example, invention of a new machinery involves coming up with new ideas and it upkeep requires some sense of creativity. This paper will focus on the positive and negative impacts of technology on the human creativity. Use of technology enable us to multitask thus achieve several accomplishments in a limited period. Technology entails using different senses especially visual audio and perceptual at a go. For example, a simple task like typing a creative piece of work requires vision, use of hands, and rationality. Use of technology for purpose such as advertisement and digital imagery require creativity. For example, coming up with a catchy product advert require one to think of new ideas of making it appealing so that it can have a competitive advantage over other similar products (Boden, 2012). Another positive impact of technology is that it enables humans to combine several ideas at a go encouraging increased creativity. For example, a program like JAPE, which processes jokes, requires the user to be creative enough to combine different templates (Boden, 2012). Technology helps us save time that can be used to enhance creativity. A good example is in designing by mechanical engineering. Before the invention of computers, mechanical engineers had to use pencils and paper to draw designs. Designing a simple 3-dimensiom widget design required one to take not less than five hours. With the invention of CAD software in addition to the PC’s, designing the same process takes less than an hour giving mechanical engineers at least four extra hours to be creative (Desrochers, 2002 ). Technology has enabled first and easy access of a wide range of information and resources making creativity less costly. A good example is writing a manuscript or a book. Previously, doing such an activity require a lot of time doing the writing, editing, publishing, printing, and publicizing the material. However, using computer and printing technology requires less effort and time making it possible for writers to air their creative view and ideas efficiently (Boden, 2012). Technology has also enabled collaborative teamwork across different professionals. This enables sharing of ideas creating room for more creativity. For example, development of ultrasonic instruments for surgery required combining ideologies in medicine and engendering (Desrochers, 2002). Technology has also had it negative impacts. It has increasingly made students less creative, lethargic, and irrational. Most teachers and lecturers post their notes and assignments online and expect the students to give the ir feedback online. Students no longer go to libraries or refer to textbook but prefer taking the shortcut of copy and paste. In such cases, the technology does not help students learn more or come up with new ideas thus they end up becoming less creative as compared to using textbooks which requires attentiveness and rationality (Boden, 2012). Additionally, technological inventions such as mini cameras, graphing

Class inequality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Class inequality - Essay Example To put the short story in context, the following statistic pertaining to academicians in Morocco raises a relevant point. Since 1981, average earnings for non-manual workers have increased by almost 40 per cent in Morocco; academicians earnings since then have increased by just one per cent, which means that their middle-class status is under threat, and theyre starting to wear a haunted, underclass look. But, as recent as the early 1970’s, things were looking much brighter for the middle classes. Back then it was believed that academic scholars are on a social parity with lawyers, only with access to more, and better, resources and with other trappings that bestow social status. But, the present state of affairs and the lack of enthusiasm for academic jobs paint a grim picture of the nature of class disparity within Morocco, which is related to the kind of disparity depicted by Abouzeid. For instance, the custodian says â€Å"My pay is very low. The Children are endlessly in need of things, costs keep rising and no one gives a damn about us† (The Discontented). This utterance clearly captures the sentiments expressed above about the state of the middle classes in Morocco. The labor unions, which have been pivotal in improving the working conditions of the working classes, have traditionally been very active in Moroccan politics. But the recent trend is unfavorable to the labor movement. The adverse trend is manifest in the kinds of youth conferences taking place across Morocco. One can see the difference: â€Å"The beer-bellied salt-of-the-earth types who still pervade the delegations of the old manual unions at labor unions could never be mistaken for the small businessmen and their wives with the conservative sections. One can hear the difference: many labor union delegates may be quaffing Chardonnay not bitter these days, but there is no equivalent of the upper-class baying for G-and-Ts which will echo

Reverse Logistics Operations in the Ford Motor Co Research Paper

Reverse Logistics Operations in the Ford Motor Co - Research Paper Example Ford has always been credited with the manufacturing invention. Scone its founding in the late 19th century, the firms has been in the forefront of defining mass production. The founder of Ford, Henry Ford is credited to have been the inventor of the assembly line. With its over a hundred years in manufacturing automobiles and auto parts, Ford has come to know the importance of having a smooth supply chain and the logistics that goes into sustaining this supply chain. It is not just its supply chain; it is also about its reverse logistics which refers to the products or parts travelling backwards from the normal direction of the supply chain to the manufacturer. Reverse logistics has a impact on a business. For instance, some finished products may reach the market but have a default, the reverse logistics that are required to return these products to the factory for the correction of the fault are always important. Ford realizes that there is a need to carefully and efficiently manage these reverse logistics. No matter what, the reverse logistics associated with the return of faulty products are an expense to any firms (Davis, 2012). Automobile manufacturers stand to incur an even bigger loss with such reverse logistics. Many auto manufacturers have in the past found themselves in the situation where they need to reverse the logistics for a large number of logistics. For instance, the Japanese auto manufacturer has in the past needed to recall millions of cars after they have reached the market and a major fault is detected. For instance, there has been one of the cars from Toyota that had a fault with its acceleration and the fault had to be corrected back at their factories. Such reverse logistics cost the firm a lot of millions. Ford realizes that such reverse logistics need to be managed in a serious way and should not be treated as a secondary logistics. They realize that

Nuclear power plant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Nuclear power plant - Essay Example This is due to their devastating effects on the environment and people generally. Radiation exposure can also lead to DNA damage and this can result in dysfunction or cell death. Underground uranium mining is the most dangerous than other underground mining because uranium ore emits radon gas. This has led to miners in uranium ores developing small cell carcinoma a lung cancer. Even the decay product of uranium has been shown to be cancer causing agent which is a serious health problem. Employees in nuclear reactors and the surrounding society can be affected by radioactive radiation which can leak through the piping system or pressurizers. Radioactive substances released to the air or rivers leads to contamination which ends as a cause of cancer. Nuclear power is however clean because it does not involve projection of dust to the environment like in the case of fossil burning. Most power plants are located near a large water body like an ocean or a lake to get enough supply of water for cooling effects to expel heat from the reactor. The use of natural water bodies adversely affects the aquatic life e.g. fish, of the ecosystem under which heat has been released to because this heat can be the cause of anomalies in the sea or cause fluctuations in the river flow rates. This use of water bodies can be avoided through the use of cooling towers in the nuclear reactors which are located beside the reactors to cool the reactor. The civilians living near nuclear reactors should be properly educated to avoid responsible response during disasters. It can be described as healthy since they produce clean energy that does not pollute the environment while it’s used. Accidents in nuclear reactors are very rare but devastating when they happen. The worst nuclear reactor accident at Chernobyl nuclear plant in Ukraine was as a result of flowed reactor design and mistakes of the plant operators. It destroyed the reactor killing 30 people within 3 months and

Reverse Logistics Operations in the Ford Motor Co Research Paper

Reverse Logistics Operations in the Ford Motor Co - Research Paper Example Ford has always been credited with the manufacturing invention. Scone its founding in the late 19th century, the firms has been in the forefront of defining mass production. The founder of Ford, Henry Ford is credited to have been the inventor of the assembly line. With its over a hundred years in manufacturing automobiles and auto parts, Ford has come to know the importance of having a smooth supply chain and the logistics that goes into sustaining this supply chain. It is not just its supply chain; it is also about its reverse logistics which refers to the products or parts travelling backwards from the normal direction of the supply chain to the manufacturer. Reverse logistics has a impact on a business. For instance, some finished products may reach the market but have a default, the reverse logistics that are required to return these products to the factory for the correction of the fault are always important. Ford realizes that there is a need to carefully and efficiently manage these reverse logistics. No matter what, the reverse logistics associated with the return of faulty products are an expense to any firms (Davis, 2012). Automobile manufacturers stand to incur an even bigger loss with such reverse logistics. Many auto manufacturers have in the past found themselves in the situation where they need to reverse the logistics for a large number of logistics. For instance, the Japanese auto manufacturer has in the past needed to recall millions of cars after they have reached the market and a major fault is detected. For instance, there has been one of the cars from Toyota that had a fault with its acceleration and the fault had to be corrected back at their factories. Such reverse logistics cost the firm a lot of millions. Ford realizes that such reverse logistics need to be managed in a serious way and should not be treated as a secondary logistics. They realize that

The Impact of Social Media on Society Research Paper

The Impact of Social Media on Society - Research Paper Example Social media is highly trendy among college students. According to 2010 research, almost a quarter of students’ time on the web is spent in the social media (Wang, Chen & Liang). Facebook dominates the popularity list of the most widespread social networks, followed by Twitter and YouTube. Globally, Facebook has over 1.55 billion active users, half of whom log in on a daily basis. On average, students spend nearly two hours a day on the social networks. In 2007, a portion of American students who had a Facebook account was already impressive – 92%. By 2008, the number of users reached 99%. Keeping in mind that the service became available only in 2006, this is an amazing statistics. One of the positive sides of social media is that it can be utilized for academic purposes. Being easily accessible, online communities can offer numerous benefits for young individuals, such as providing a virtual platform for sharing thoughts and ideas with colleagues, enabling easy and fa st access to academic support, and enhancing computer knowledge and online communication skills. Moreover, students who are shy to present their thoughts in the class receive an opportunity to participate in discussions via blogs and virtual societies. On the contrary, findings in a number of studies suggest that the time spent in social networks is in inverse relation with academic grades (Wang, Chen & Liang). Jacobsen and Forste revealed that over 60% of the students use electronic media while in college, when studying, or while preparing for the class

Self-Reflection Paper Essay Example for Free

Self-Reflection Paper Essay The verbal and non-verbal speaking anxiety signs I noticed in myself was that I kept fidgeting, and touching my hair or face. I felt the rate of my speaking was too fast and I was stuttering. I did not move around at all and my feet were crossed the whole time of my speech. During my presentation I need to multi-task by speaking about my topic as I am presenting whatever subject. Do not overthink any speech or presentation or try to impress my audience. The specific areas I intend to work on from this class is to be confident in myself and better my speaking abilities. Try my best not to overthink the presentation and get my point across as clearly as possible. Be more effective in my communication skills, deliver the message succinctly, body language, eye contact, facial expressions, and be incongruent. I would like to be more enthusiastic during my speeches. I want to learn how to speak at my audience’s level and be more connected. Take in everything I am learning and keep practicing. After this course is complete I would like to accomplish my communication skills, body language, eye contact, facial expressions, and presentation skills. I need to be clear in my own head about what message I want to communicate. I would also like my sounds to convey understanding to whatever I am about to speak about. I would like to get up in the front of class at any given time and give a perfect impromptu speech or any presentation without a flinch. I understand our bodies entail many different messages, but I want all of my body’s movements to captivate my audience’s attention and I want them to be interested because of how great of communicator I will be. My plan to improve my weak areas is to listen to my instructor and peers feedback and take that in and put it into a positive and learn from it. I would accomplish my goals by reading the chapters and following the guidelines step by step. Keep practicing because they say practice makes perfect every time.

Renaisance Education: Values and Purposes :: European Europe History

Renaisance Education: Values and Purposes The Renaissance was a time of change. It began in Italy during the 14th century, and spread throughout the North. People all over Europe were affected, for the better and for the worse. Some people finally had a chance to control their own fate. Others, like upper class women, lost their social status. The values and purposes of Renaissance education were to improve the society, increase the economy, and restore the religious beliefs. The social lives of people were greatly influenced by advancements in education during the Renaissance. More people then ever before were send to schools and educated. Schools for girls were built, and they were taught sewing, reading, writing, and dancing. Some of these schools even had teachers for singing and playing instruments. Upper class women were taught language, philosophy, theology and mathematics. But their education only prepared them for social life at home. Women lost political power, access to property and their role in shaping society. People were taught to understand and judge the writings of others. Courtiers, aristocrats and nobles were able to write poetry and text. By being well educated, having good penmanship, knowing how to ride, play, dance, sing, and dress well, men of high status gained respect and reputation. These skills also helped attain preference and support among princes. Nevertheless, the school system did not teach youth how to behave in daily life situations. They spent too much time on Grammar, Rhetoric, and Logic. Those studies that were realistic, enlightened men's minds, and prepared them for life, were reserved for the Universities. Therefore, students had a slight understanding of the meaning and the true use of knowledge. They were only able to write Latin, which no one of judgement would want to read, and when they went to universities, they wasted their friends' money and their own time. Afterwards, they would return home again, as unsophisticated and uneducated as they were before. In addition, many individuals thought that having to many schools was a terrible thing. They believed that only a minority of men should study literature, because more farmers were needed than judges, more soldiers than priests, more merchants than philosophers, and more hard working groups than dreamy and thoughtful individuals. Italian humanist Piccolomini, who himself was educated, believed that philosophy and literature, should be taught to every individual, because these studies reveal the truths about the past, the reality of the present, and the prediction of the future. Renaisance Education: Values and Purposes :: European Europe History Renaisance Education: Values and Purposes The Renaissance was a time of change. It began in Italy during the 14th century, and spread throughout the North. People all over Europe were affected, for the better and for the worse. Some people finally had a chance to control their own fate. Others, like upper class women, lost their social status. The values and purposes of Renaissance education were to improve the society, increase the economy, and restore the religious beliefs. The social lives of people were greatly influenced by advancements in education during the Renaissance. More people then ever before were send to schools and educated. Schools for girls were built, and they were taught sewing, reading, writing, and dancing. Some of these schools even had teachers for singing and playing instruments. Upper class women were taught language, philosophy, theology and mathematics. But their education only prepared them for social life at home. Women lost political power, access to property and their role in shaping society. People were taught to understand and judge the writings of others. Courtiers, aristocrats and nobles were able to write poetry and text. By being well educated, having good penmanship, knowing how to ride, play, dance, sing, and dress well, men of high status gained respect and reputation. These skills also helped attain preference and support among princes. Nevertheless, the school system did not teach youth how to behave in daily life situations. They spent too much time on Grammar, Rhetoric, and Logic. Those studies that were realistic, enlightened men's minds, and prepared them for life, were reserved for the Universities. Therefore, students had a slight understanding of the meaning and the true use of knowledge. They were only able to write Latin, which no one of judgement would want to read, and when they went to universities, they wasted their friends' money and their own time. Afterwards, they would return home again, as unsophisticated and uneducated as they were before. In addition, many individuals thought that having to many schools was a terrible thing. They believed that only a minority of men should study literature, because more farmers were needed than judges, more soldiers than priests, more merchants than philosophers, and more hard working groups than dreamy and thoughtful individuals. Italian humanist Piccolomini, who himself was educated, believed that philosophy and literature, should be taught to every individual, because these studies reveal the truths about the past, the reality of the present, and the prediction of the future.

The Lost World: Summary :: essays research papers

The Lost World: Summary The Lost World by Michael Crichton is a great science fiction novel about a group of scientists of different fields that go on an expedition to an island to bring back a rich and stubborn scientist from a test expedition that he cared about more than his life. The "lost world" is an island off the coast of Costa Rica called Isla Sorna on which a company named InGen (Short for International Genetics Corps.), genetically engineered and contrived dinosaurs which were extinct since 65 million years. This island was used as an incubator for the dinosaurs before they were shipped to another island close by called Isla Nublar. Isla Nublar was leased by InGen for a biological preserve for tourists to see the dinosaurs at a certain cost. After a tremendous tragedy at Isla Nublar, the company went bankrupt and destroyed Isla Nublar. They did not bother to mess with Isla Sorna because of publicity reasons. For six years no one knew about this lost world. Many times there were cases of large unknown animals at Costa Rica, but no one found out what they actually were or where they had come from. A rich scientist named Dr. Richard Levine performed research on some of these animals and found some clues which led him to the lost island. He set out on a test expedition with his colleague to find out exactly if he was on the right island. He missed his boat back home to the states. So, he called his friend, Dr. Thorne with his satellite phone and left a message asking him to come down to the island and get on with the expedition. Dr. Thorne, Ian Malcolm, Dr. Sarah Harding , and two kids that sneaked in with them, went to the island to rescue Dr. Levine and explore the behaviors of the dinosaurs on the island. When they get to the island, they find out that they aren't the only ones that were looking for dinosaurs. Three men led by Dodgson from another genetics company called Biosyn, were also there, looking for dinosaurs to open up their own theme park. Many things go wrong on the island. Some of the people get too close to the dinosaurs and they get into trouble, Sarah Harding takes a baby from the Tyrannasaurus's nest because it looked sick and the mother comes looking for her baby. This island was lost by InGen for six years, and it was the only place in the world that time had passed by. Since 65 million years, the dinosaurs

Commercial banks Essay

ABSTRACT This report is based on corporate social responsibility. This project report contains the meaning of CSR which includes the advantage of CSR towards bank, society, responsibility of corporate houses, objective of CSR, motive of CSR, responsibility towards customer. This document is all about multidimensional growth of customers for which the bank liable for their service selling. This process leads to upliftment of people life. The banks are not bind to do so but the do these kind of activities for creating a goodwill sense among their customer which leads to growth in lifestyle of the overall society. This gives better environment to the society in which the bank is working. Hence, the present study titled â€Å"A STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY TOWARDS CUSTOMERS OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN MADURAI†, has assumed greater significance. INTRODUCTION Corporate social responsibility ( CSR, also called corporate conscience, corporate citizenship, social performance, or sustainable responsible business/Responsible Business) is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model. CSR policy functions as a built-in, self-regulation mechanism whereby a business monitors and ensures its active compliance with the spirit of the law, ethical standards, and international norms. CSR is a process with aim to embrace responsibility for the banks actions and encourage a positive impact through its activities on the environment, consumers, employees, communities, stakeholders and all other members of the public sphere who may also be considered as stakeholders. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Banks play an active role for the economic development of any country. In a present competitive environment bank needs to retain its customer for effective development in any sector. Hence there arises need for corporate social responsibility then only it will leads to development of society as well as growth in bank sector. The present study aims to know the effectiveness of CSR in commercial banks with special reference to Madurai. In this context following questions arises. To measure the level of social obligation To measure the level of effectiveness of corporate social responsibility towards customers of commercial banks. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: To study the effectiveness of corporate social responsibility towards customers of commercial banks. METHODOLOGY The present study is an empirical one based on the survey method. First hand data was collected from the field through interview schedule. Data relating to various customers of commercial banks in Madurai was gathered through interview schedule. The schedule structured was extensively pretested. The survey envisaged the application of convenience sampling. Thus a sample of 300 respondents was decided upon nature of the commercial banks in Madurai. The survey was conducted during 2012-2013 in commercial banks from state Bank of India, Indian bank, Canara Bank, Karurvysya bank, HDFC bank, Axis bank, ICICI bank in Madurai. ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION GARRET RANKING Garret Ranking is used to find out the ranking for respondents opinion towards the enhancing customer value for public sector, private sector, and New generation banks. Step I:  Ranking given by respondents opinion on enhancing customer value TABLE 1 RANKING OF RESPONDENTS opinion towards enhancing customer value. S.No.AttributesRankTotal 12345 1.Sharing bank details1866231129300 2.Comfortable0120524880300 3.Time management00018282300 4.Man management1515765270300 5.Filling forms22120539213300 Source: Primary Data Step II : The assigned ranks by the respondents were converted into percent position value by the formula given below. For each percent position, Using Garrett’s table, corresponding Garrett’s table value is obtained. Formula Per cent Position = 100 (Rij – 0.5) / Nj Rij = Rank given for the ith variable by the jth respondent Nj = Number of variables ranked by the jth respondent. GARRETT’S TABLE VALUE RanksCalculationPercentageGarrett’s Table Value I Rank=100*(1-0.5)/5= 10= 75 II Rank=100*(2-0.5)/5= 30= 60 III Rank=100*(3-0.5)/5= 50= 50 IV Rank=100*(4-0.5)/5= 70= 40 V Rank=100*(5-0.5)/5= 90= 25 Source: Computed data. Step III: Scores are obtained with reference to Garrett’s Table value, and each percentage position value is converted into scores. Here each aggregated ranks are multiplied with corresponding the Garrett’s value obtained in the table. AGGREGATED RANKS Sl. No.AttributesRank 12345 1.Sharing bank details1395037201550840225 2.Comfortable07200260033602000 3.Time management00012607050 4.Man management113253420325018900 5.Filling forms1650720026506440325 Source: Computed data. Step IV: Summation of the scores is worked out for each rank column and means scores calculated by dividing the total score by the number of respondents. Finally, overall ranking is obtained by assigning ranks 1, 2, 3 †¦ in the descending order of mean score. OVERALL RANKING for respondents opinion on enhancing customer value S. No.ReasonTotal ScoreAverageRank 1.Sharing bank details2028567.6I 2.Comfortable1526050.53IV 3.Time management831027.7V 4.Man management1988566.28II 5.Filling forms1826560.89III INFERENCE It is observed from the table Sharing bank details† has been ranked as the first for the Man management has been ranked second, Filling forms third position, followed by Comfortable in fourth rank with Time management ranked as the fifth that influences the respondents opinion on enhancing customer value the in bank’s CONCLUSION Although creating customer satisfaction is not a prime motivation for instituting corporate social Responsibility programs , research linking CSR strategies with positive customer outcomes, such as loyalty, has led to the expectation that these strategies generally have positive flow-on effects for customers. Banking industry surveys have led to the identification of a mismatch between consumer satisfaction levels and massive spending on CSR programs. Further research is warranted. In view of research suggesting that retail banking customers prefer initiatives that create direct customer benefits compared to those that have broader social impacts. To conclude the CSR activities in all the three study banks are not effective. It is proper time on their to promote CSR related activities.

American History 1946-1976

The United States is a nation of immigrants. The resident population of the country comprises people who came from abroad or are descendents from overseas. Black were said to be some of the earlier migrants but they were considered to be slaves prior to the Emancipation Proclamation. The transformation of the American society is not possible without the outburst of population influx. The industrial revolution made it possible for transportation and communication, resulting in a massive economic transformation for America. In the early part of American history, immigration rules had been lax.It was not until 1819 when the first immigration statistics had been collected when the topic of immigration was laid on the table for lawmakers (McClenaghan, 1988, p. 170). Given the abundance of fertile land in the country which necessitated workers, immigration was deemed on a positive note. However, the end of the Civil War saw closing of the land frontier. There was no shortage of manpower an d the sudden boom of population and spirit of nationalism had started to take its toll among immigrants. The end of Civil War was witnessed by European immigrants who had already settled in the county starting 1820.The Irish, for instance, had left Ireland due to the severe British regimen ruling in their country (May, 1989, p. 479). Likewise, the European War saw many Italians, Greeks, Polish, Germans and other non-English speaking people coming to America. In Unit I, which covers the 1865- 1876, life for American immigrants mirrored the agony of reconstruction the country was facing at that time. As the country was struggling with picking the pieces of an embattled nation, immigrants continued to flock America. Some southern and northern states had put up bureaus to draw immigrants.The Contract Labor Law of 1864 stated that the federal government would assist an immigrant in his journey by a â€Å"lien on his or her wages† (Tindall and Shi, 1999, p. 938). The law was revoke d in 1868. Majority of non-English speaking immigrants toiled as laborers, porters, peddlers, while those who spoke English were able to find higher paying jobs. By 1870, the country had around 39 million people, 3 million of whom were immigrants or those born abroad and settled in America (Divine, Breen, Fredrickson, and Williams, 1991, p. 549).There were also immigrants from Asia. In the early 1850s, Chinese immigrants went to California to work in gold mines (Brinkley, 2003, p. 446). By 1865, more than 12,000 Chinese had found work in building the transcontinental railroad. The Central Pacific which was then responsible for building the western part of the road had 90% of Chinese in its labor force. One social issue they faced was discrimination. While it was true that corporations preferred hiring Chinese because of their tenacity and commitment to work, many Americans resented this.More jobs were being given to Chinese because they were also willing to work for fewer wages, som ething which did not sit well with Americans. As one editor of the New York Nation said, the Chinese were responsible for creating a â€Å"disgusting habits of thrift, industry and self-denial† (Tindall and Shi, 1999, p. 947). With the country tiding in on Reconstruction, the economy was not in a good shape and Americans blamed the Chinese and other immigrants (May, 1989, p. 481). Discrimination in California, where most Chinese immigrants had taken residence, started to brew.The Workingmen’s Party, for instance, was intense in goading the government to pass laws to victimize Chinese. The Sidewalk Ordinance which banned people carrying their merchandise on a pole to walk on the sidewalk (p. 481). At that time only Chinese carried their goods this way. The discrimination was this obvious: the anti-Chinese sentiment was growing. The Panic of 1873 fueled this tension and the Congress soon acted with an exclusion act in 1879, which ban the import of Chinese workers (Bragdo n, McCutchen, and Ritchie, 1996, p. 532).In response to the issue, the Chinese did nothing, continuing to work, toiling in vast drainage and irrigation projects (Brinkley, 2003, p 446). It was initially rejected by President Hayes citing the Burlingame Treaty of 1868, which made China a â€Å"most-favored nation† when it comes to travel and immigration (O’Neill, 2002, p. 240; Tindall and Shi, 1999, p. 947). However, as constructions of railroads were finished, demand for laborers waned and in 1882, President Arthur approved a ten-year suspension called the Chinese Exclusion Act. In 1902, the act suspended indefinitely.The outcome was limitation in the number of Chinese immigrants coming in to the country but their number had already increased due to marriage and birth within their community. The tide of American immigrants continued from 1877- 1920. In fact, it was during this period where around 14 million Europeans made America their residence (May, 1989, p. 482). It used to be that immigrants came prior to 1890 came from northern and western Europe. However, the year 1885 saw a tremendous increase of immigrants coming from southern and Eastern Europe (Bragdon, McCutchen and Ritchie, 1996, p.529). Furthermore, America welcomed immigrants from Canada, Mexico, Latin America and Japan (Brinkley, 2003, p. 502). Chinese immigrants, despite the Chinese Exclusion Act, along with the Japanese continued to flock America (p. 502). In 1880, there were around 75,000 Chinese in California, 1/9th of the state’s population (Tindall and Shi, 1999, p. 946). In 1870, the number of Japanese immigrants were roughly about 56; however by 1900-1909, the figures increased significantly to an estimate 7000 (p. 481).By 1890, four out of five people living in New York was born abroad; the state also become home to more Irish than the Irish people living in Ireland (p. 937). The appeal of America was probably due to the hardship their respective countries were expe rienced. The surge in immigration was responsible for the growth of the country, especially its urban growth as most immigrants were lured by the city, where the realization of the American dream had already begun. Europeans crossed the Atlantic in hopes of a better future in the cities of America (Jordan and Litwack, 1991, p. 504).As the new immigrants began to settle in the cities, they started to live in homogenous neighborhoods. Thus, there existed a Little Italy and a Jewish Lower East Side on the side of New York and Chinatown. These small enclaves allowed the immigrants to retain their sense of community. In 1920, Chicago had around 1 7 Little Italy colonies spread out in the city (p. 943). Ellis Island in New York became the port of immigrants. This reception center situated in an island off the New Jersey coast became the first soil that immigrants stepped on upon entering the United States (pp.940). The ethnic neighborhood facilitated for what could have been an easier ass imilation for these immigrants. They recreated their own churches, synagogues, and even printed their own newspapers (p. 531). However, the influx immigration created not only social problems but economic and as well. Immigrants had a hard time finding decent jobs, often toiling in sweatshops, factories and mines. The atmosphere of nativism, where native-born should be favored instead of immigrants in just about anything, was developing.Native-born Americans started growing prejudice against them, threatened their entry in the country. The differences not only in language, dress and customs made Americans fear for this looming social changes. Immigrants were easily the subject of hostility. Literary problems also started to arise, especially for those non-English speaking immigrants. The Japanese, for instance, started learning the American way of living, learning English and sending their children to public schools (May, 1989, p. 481). However, this did not sit well with Americans. In 1906, the San Francisco school board issued an order to separate Japanese children from the other students. When the Japanese government protested, President Roosevelt intervened. An agreement in 1908 centered on an agreement limiting the number of Japanese immigrants to the country (Jordan and Litwack, 1991, p. 506). California, which in earlier years, resented the presence of Chinese immigrants, passed an Alien Land Law, which banned Japanese from possessing agriculture land (p. 506). As labor unions began to form around the country, immigrants were still not accepted.For one, they received fewer wage. For a dollar that an American-born laborer received, Italians received 84 cents, Hungarians 68 cents and others 54 cents (Katz, 1993, p. 73). Furthermore, Americans organized themselves to counter the growing number of immigrants. They formed group such as the American Protective Association, which was against Catholic immigrants. The largest labor union, the AFL or American Fede ration of Labor excluded immigrants. As America continued to plunge into urban growth, political corruption became prevalent. Americans blamed corruption as the cause of the growing immigration.In response to this, immigrants chose to remain loyal to their employees. As civic reformers talked of cleaning up the government and expressing their contempt on immigrants, the bosses showed appreciation to their employees by helping them process their naturalization proceedings and helping them when they got into trouble (Jordan and Litwack, 1991, p. 507). With regards to the labor union, the Industrial Workers of the World (IWWW) was formed in 1905 to include all workers regardless of race, skill and gender (Katz, 1993, p. 73). The outcome of this was that immigrants had started to stand up for what they believed in.racial segregation still existed but the process of keeping their identities intact had begun. An example was the creation of French-language parochial schools in New England. Put up by French Canadians, the schools had grown to 179 elementary and 28 high schools in America (Katz, 1993, p. 15). It was a clear sign that immigrants were determined to stay in the country. Child labor laws prohibited immigrant children to work, forced them instead to go to schools. With the compulsory education laws, children of immigrants became indoctrinated with the American values and English values (p. 642).Majority of these children were responsible of passing their learning to their non-English speaking parents. The years 1921-1945 saw a decrease in the number of immigrants. Following the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882, the list of requirements and restriction on immigrants had tightened. For instance, immoral persons and anarchists were banned to enter US in 1903, illiterates in 1917 (McClenaghan, 1988, p. 170). By 1920, roughly 20 various immigrant groups were not able to step in the country (p. 170). The lives of American immigrants became harder, especially with th e mounting antiforeign and anti-Black sentiment around the country.This period ushered in the Progressive spirit, which focused on every aspect of American life, including those of immigrants. This time saw reforms in what Progressives deemed as the evils of the American system. Discrimination and prejudice still reigned in the country, despite the fact that American immigrants have been in the country for years One political problem they faced was religious problems. As World War I erupted, many Europeans fled their countries and sought refuge in America. The â€Å"new immigrants,† as they were known, were mostly Jewish or Roman Catholics (Divine, Breen, Fredrickson, and Williams, 1991, p.630). American Protestants feared that their religious values would shadow the presence of Catholics. Some employees also declined Irish applicants, to the extent of posting an â€Å"Irish need not apply† signs (Jordan and Litwack, 1991, p. 483). The Catholic Church was then dominate d by the Irish, thus became the subject of religious persecution. Additionally, various religious discrepancies among immigrants themselves caused more misunderstanding. To cite, Russian and Polish Jews had different traditions from Sephardic and German Jews (Tindall and Shi, 1999, p. 945).In response to this issue, the immigrants continued to go about their own ways. They formed groups, recreated their own churches and synagogues. The outcome of doing this was it strengthened the unity among immigrant groups. They became more close-knit, living in homogenous areas of the city. It was also during this period when immigrants faced greater social and political problems. Agitation towards immigrant became full-blown. Xenophobia or the fear of strangers became the growing sentiment in the country. The â€Å"new immigrants† made Americans alarmed over â€Å"race suicide† (Jordan and Litwack, 1991, p.63). For instance, Kenneth Roberts wrote in the popular Saturday Evening Po st that Polish Jews should be avoided for they were â€Å"human parasites† and that immigrants of Nordic, Alpine, Mediterranean and Semitic ethnicity were not only â€Å"worthless and futile† but â€Å"good-for-nothing mongrels of Central America and Southeastern Europe† (p. 630). Another problem which immigrants faced which further planted the seeds of the sedition was the celebrated case involving two Italian anarchists named Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti. An anarchist is someone who does not believe in any form of government.The two were arrested for a payroll robbery and murder in Massachusetts (p. 629). They were sentenced to death although evidence against them was inconclusive. They were electrocuted in 1927, amidst a series of worldwide remonstration (p. 629). Some people believed that they were innocent and the reason that they convicted was because of their political beliefs. Moreover, it was during this year when Red Scare pervaded the United S tates. A few years ago, communists, called Reds, took control of the Russian government. The communists believed that the government should take control of everything, like farms and factories.This train of thought contrasts with the American system of free enterprise (Divine, Breen, Fredrickson, and Williams, 1991, p. 692). Americans soon began fearing that communists living in the US would do embark on this. It did not help that during this time, labor unrest was notorious, stimulating more trepidation on Americans. To assuage their fears, some Americans revived the Ku Klux Klan, which was exclusive for â€Å"native-born, white, gentile Americans† (p. 693). The organization, started during the Reconstruction heyday, attacked not only black people but immigrants, Jews, and American Indians (p.693). In the mid 1920s, the group boasted of around five million members (p. 694). The revival of the Ku Klux Klan, the Red Scare and the conviction of the Italian immigrants made Congr ess pass the Emergency Quota Act in 1921 which restricted immigration to the country (Bragdon, McCutchen and Ritchie, 1996, p. 717). Immigration was limited to 3 percent of the nationality already in the US (p. 717). The act became a permanent policy three years later and in 1927 a total of 150,000 immigrants were to be admitted per year, divided based on the 1920 census (p. 717).Japanese immigrants were completely excluded with the passing of the Japanese Exclusion Act in 1924. In response to the overwhelming problems that beset the immigrants, the immigrants had no choice but to comply with the laws. In some cases, like with the Japanese, the exclusion greatly damaged diplomatic relationship between the two countries. At the height of the war, Japanese-Americans were forced to move to â€Å"relocation camps† (Divine, Breen, Fredrickson, and Williams, 1991, p. 738). Japanese-Americans who lived on the West Coast were accused of helping the Japanese sabotage the country (p. 7 38).For some immigrants, the restriction and growing anti-immigrant sentiment thrown at them were not enough to make them waver and give in. They remained steadfast and continued living in proximity, becoming stable in the process. They formed groups such as the La Orden de Hijos de America, which comprised white Chicano workers fighting for their U. S. citizenships (Katz, 1993, p. 15). Despite the discrimination and maltreatment, many Japanese- Americans volunteered during the War. It paid off. In 1988, the Senate issued a public apology and provided a tax-free payment of $20,000 to surviving Japanese-Americans (p.738). Following World War II, Unit IV, covering the years 1946-1976, life for immigrants was much better. Despite the inequalities in America, many people chose to live in the country, some sought political asylum and freedom from oppression. Others simply wanted to have a better future in the US. In the 60s, where call for civil rights where at the forefront, many Americ ans demanded for immigration reforms. In July 1963, President Kennedy recommended to scrap the national origins quota system (Divine, Breen, Fredrickson, and Williams, 1991, p . 882).The Immigration Act of 1965 restricted the number of immigrants to 170,000 per year per country and phased the national origins quota altogether (Brinkley, 2003, p. 835). In the 70s, immigrations increased to 433, 600 a year (Jordan and Litwack, 1991, p. 892). The 60s saw a surge in Mexicans migrating to the country. One literary problem they faced was language barrier. Some Latinos who established their presence in America could not speak nor understand English. This proved to be a big barrier in applying for jobs and immersing in the American life.Several employers took advantage of this and exploited Mexican workers. In response to this, several Mexican Americans founded labor organizations to help them get jobs and receive due benefits. In doing so, they strengthened their ethnicity. With regards to their language, in 1974, the United States Supreme Court approved the right of non-English speaking students to seek education in their own language. Thus, the idea of bilingualism was injected into American culture. After the Vietnam War, several Asians took refuge in America. The door of immigration opened again for the country.In the 80s, legal immigration in the US was estimated at 7 million people (Tindall and Shi, 1999, p. 1653). It was also the first time that majority of these immigrants did not come from Europe (p. 1653). The new wave of immigrants, mostly from Asia and Latin America, reopened the old wound of ethnic conflict. One social problem these new immigrants faced were still discrimination. In 1994, California passed Proposition 187, which banned illegal aliens to have access to school, medical care and other social services (Bragdon, McCutchen and Ritchie, 1996, p. 1019).This created friction between the legal immigrants and the illegal ones. Some preached that th is is completely bigotry. Adding more salt to the wound was the 1998 approval of ending bilingual education in California. In response to this problem, immigrants worked to enter the country legally. Although there are aliens flooding the country from time to time, Immigration Services has employed a stricter guideline. Several ethnic groups have also asserted themselves. The entry of ethnic studies program in school and universities is one way of embracing cultural differences between Americans and differences.This is one outcome that immigrants had wanted to achieve from the first time they stepped foot in the country. The presence of immigrants in the United States has earned the country the moniker of being a melting pot. The country is a multi-cultural society with each group respecting the other. Mayor Share James of Newark, New Jersey, noted that America’s diversity is its strength (Bragdon, McCutchen and Ritchie, 1996, p. 1020). This makes sense. Since the discovery o f America, it has always been varied. Different cultures and ethnic background make it unique, in the same vein that the differences provide a sense of heritage.It makes America culture colorful. It is sad for a fact that it took people years to understand this and that the forefathers of immigrants had to endure torture and humiliation but the appointment of the first Black American president in the country is probably a sign that yes, the country is ready for change. References Bragdon, H. , McCutchen, S. and Ritchie, D. (1996). History of a free nation. Ohio: Glencoe/ McGraw-Hill. Brinkley, A. (2003). American history a survey USA: McGraw-Hill. Divine, R. , Breen, T. H. , Fredrickson, G. , Williams, R. H. (1991). America the peopleand the dream. Illinois: Scott, Foresman and Company. Jordan, W. and Litwack, L. (1991). The United States 7th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Katz, W. (1993). A history of multicultural America. USA: Sleek- Vaugh Company. May, E. (1989). A proud nation. Illinois: McDougal, Littell and Company. McClenaghan,W. (1988). Magruder’s American government Massachusetts: Prentice Hall. O’Neill, W. (2002). United States. In The New Encyclopedia Britannica, Vol. 29 USA: Britannica Inc. Tindall, G. B. , and Shi, D. (1999). America a narrative history. USA: W. W. Norton and Company.

Do you agree with this interpretation of Dunkirk?

This painting is a representation of the evacuation of Dunkirk. It shows the losses of ships, the troops living upon the beaches, and how the water was too shallow for the boats, so little boats had to go to the shore. A man made harbour that was made by the Royal Engineers is also shown in the picture. Also there was the big cloud of smoke from the blown oil refinery, the cover above from the spitfires and hurricane's shotting down the german air force(luftwaffe), the shells exploding randomly on the beaches that were being launched by the Germans from out side the town of Dunkirk. The knowlage that i have to back up the evedence from the paint in souce A is that we know from the video of war walks with Richard Holmes, that the big cloud off smoke is true, also the Video also mentions the shallow seas. There is not many inaccuries in this painting ecxept the fact of the British and French troops round the city fighting off the Germans that were trying to get to the beaches. I think this picture, although showing many of the facets of the evacuation, is not strictly accurate. For example the men wouldn't be lining up in straight lines.Even so I think this is a fair interpretation of the evacuation of Dunkirk.

Recognition of depression and aknowlegement of depression among Asisan Essay

Recognition of depression and aknowlegement of depression among Asisan American and Hispanic Americans - Essay Example Slant: Depression is a common and highly treatable disorder that affects over 17-20 million Americans annually. It is next to cardiovascular diseases in terms of mortality. Depression is also the leading reason for suicide cases in the United States. Depression however can almost always be successfully treated once identified. Unfortunately, misdiagnosis and under-treatment is common especially within the African American community. (www.Nami.org) One sentence description of your article: Healthcare providers as well as Americans need to understand and recognize signs and symptoms of depression so that it can be detected earlier for effective intervention and treatment. Myrna M. Weissman, PhD, and Mark Olfson, MD, MPH: Depression in US Hispanics: Diagnostic and Management Considerations in Family Practice: Journal of American Board of Family Practice, July-August 2005, vol. 18 no 4.

Evolution of Formal Organizations Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evolution of Formal Organizations - Term Paper Example The emergence of formal organizations began in Europe, where businesses incorporated their workers into a sort of club within the organizational structure of the business where there was a clear hierarchical system. The owners of the business and their families also belonged to this club and no employee was exempt from membership, which acted as a deterrent against leaving to the employees (Kornblum, 2011). According to Kornblum, as more and business ventures and industries emerged the economies of scale started playing a key role and specialization and division of labor became practical and profitable. This led to the development of a well organized system, in how the running of these establishments were conducted, and where the workers were not required to devotedly belong to their employer’s club or group. Responsibilities and duties were delegated to employees under the manager who could double up as the owner of the corporation. These managers sought out ways to maximize their workers output through various means like longer working hours, which they did without incentives or overtime compensation (Kornblum, 2011). Earlier formal organizations did not offer opportunities for advancement in position or salary especially to the minority groups and women. The policies, rules and regulations that defined these outfits as formal organizations were not adhered to but were just a formality for purposes of registration with the relevant authorities. The chain of command was designed in such a way that each department had a manger or supervisor to whom every worker in that unit bore responsibility. The supervisors or midlevel managers also had a higher authority to report to, and this went on up to the top management. Even if, the top management bore the overall responsibility for the overall performance of the company, they had little hands on participation and involvement in the on goings of the establishments they administered. This created a precedent wh ere the worker’s welfare was neglected, which led to the development of resentment towards the management of the organization causing a decline in employee output and the firm’s productiveness. This led to the formation of worker’s unions, which advocated for better terms and conditions in the work place coupled with considerate social welfare compensation. Companies that recognized the benefits of a more flexible organizational structure reaped the benefits of improved employee motivational levels and increased productivity. This makes workers feel obligated to perform well for a company that they are actively involved in than where they are taken just as a means to an end. Compared to today’s formal organizations earlier establishments had an authority structure that resembled a pyramid where remarkably few people with power were at the top while the majority and powerless people were at the bottom (Kornblum, 2011). In the mid 1900’s, this struct uring gave no room for employees to contribute, in the policy making process, or give their ideas on how best to attain their company’s goals. In today’s formal organizations, workers are involved in the formulation of company policies, and they are consulted on the best possible ways for their firms to accomplish their objectives. This makes formal

What role did colonial trade play in the development of London Essay

What role did colonial trade play in the development of London - Essay Example Britain is known to have colonized some of the world’s biggest economies and nations including America, Australia and most parts of Africa. Out of this, Britain gained total economic and political control over most countries who served as British colonies. By and large, these countries invested heavily into the entire development of Britain – particular London. This essay is thus dedicated to scrutinizing some of the major means by which London’s development was affected: positively and negatively by the colonial trade. How the early profits from the slave trade developed the industrial revolution It has remained common knowledge and taught throughout British schools that â€Å"during the 1800s the Industrial Revolution spread throughout Britain.† ... unskilled slaves were not on regular salary taken by unskilled British, they were also made to work overtime in most of the times that they were called to duty. The second way that the slaves were used by the industries is that they were given rapid training to take up ‘semi-skilled’ tasks. These semi-skilled tasks were not typically bookish but had to do with supervision over unskilled labourers. As discussed earlier, these slaves were not taking normal salary and as such saved the industries a lot of expenditure. Again, the slaves were made to work far beyond normal working hours and thus improved productivity. The improvement in productivity that was recorded in most industries saw London and Britain record major industrial growth. This eventually brought about what came to be known as industrial revolution, which was a major turning point in London’s development. East and West India Company, their business dealings and profits The East and West India Company w ere seen as the backbone of London’s development in the colonial days. Surprisingly, the company still plays very vital role in the economy of London and the world at large. As noted by The East India Company (2011), â€Å"without The Company our world would not be as it is today.† This is not a mere publicity talk when discussion is being made of companies, whose dealings and profits indeed were visible in the transformation of London’s economy and entire development. As a company that received the recognition of the Queen of England through the Royal Charter, much was expected from the company right from the unset. Hopefully and true to expectation, the company’s dealings and general business structure ensured that the company recorded major trade gains and initiations such as the establishment of

Marketing Mix & Marketing Mix Planning with Nutritional Supplements Assignment

Marketing Mix & Marketing Mix Planning with Nutritional Supplements - Assignment Example All in all, in marketing their products and services, business people should develop marketing strategies that are based on crucial and effective marketing considerations and decisions. 1.) Identify the type of product/service (convenience, shopping, specialty, unsought), and explain in your own words what marketing considerations need to be made for my product/service (Nutritional Supplements) based on this product classification. Based on the criteria of how consumers go about in purchasing them and how they are marketed, consumer products can be classified into four main types. To start with, we have shopping products which involve products that are bought by consumers less frequently (Doole & Lowe, 2005). Secondly, there exist convenience products which entail those that are frequently purchased by customers (Evans & Wurster, 1997). Thirdly, we have specialty products. These include products with unique features or brands and those that catch the attention of a particular class of customers who are willing to make a special buying effort (Taylor, 2009). Finally, we have unsought products which involve products that are not known to the consumer or if known, the consumer has never thought of purchasing them (Evans & Wurster, 1997). Using this classification, nutritional supplements can be said to belong to the category of specialty products. There are four main marketing considerations that can be made by nutritional supplements marketers and marketers of specialty products in general. The first consideration is the customer’s buying behavior. Here, buyers go in for strong and appealing brands. These consumers are normally loyal to specific brands and they are usually less sensitive to prices (Doole & Lowe, 2005). The second consideration is the price. According to Taylor, like in the case of most specialty products, the pricing of nutritional supplements can

Intergovernmental Finance and Paying a Share of the Cost Incurred by P Assignment

Intergovernmental Finance and Paying a Share of the Cost Incurred by Provincial Governments for Infrastructure Improvements - Assignment Example The control of funds is in the central government and it determines the distributable pool of resources. This is a Type D grant. It is a shared type of grant because it comes from the national tax. It however under the discretion of the central government where the 10% incomes tax will be allocated that is why it is Type D which is an ad hoc type of shared tax. IV. Annually the national government determines the amount of aid it will provide to subnational governments. The distribution of this financial aid is based on population density, the percentage of citizens under the age of fifteen, and the average household income. This is a Type F grant. This is an ad hoc transfer since it is under the central government’s discretion where to allocate the funds. It is further classified under the formula type of ad hoc transfer since the division of funds for allocation will be based on the computation of certain objective criteria and elements, in this case, population density, household income and percentage of a citizen under 15. This is a Type K grant. This is a type of reimbursable expenditure based on an emergency situation in a local unit. The funds will be approved and will come from the central government and the funds to be allocated would be the total or partial cost needed by the local government. VI. Local governments receive 40 percent of the motor vehicle license fees collected by the provincial government. The fees are allocated to the local governments based on the percentage of motor vehicles the province that is owned by residents in a particular local government jurisdiction. This is a Type B grant. It is a shared type of government funds but instead of being a national tax, the funds are from the provincial government collected from regular fees collected for the issuance of motor vehicle license. Forty percent is allocated to the local unit based on certain elements, in this case, the percentage of a motor vehicle owned by residents in a certain province.

Medical Marijuana Essay Example for Free

Medical Marijuana Essay â€Å"Marijuana is the finest anti-nausea medication known to science, and our leaders have lied about this consistently. [Arresting people for] medical marijuana is the most hideous example of government interference in the private lives of individuals. It’s an outrage within an outrage within an outrage†. Peter McWilliams Author and Advocate for Medical Marijuana Medical Marijuana has found its place once again as the medical plant that is recognized for its healing potential and properties. How the Government has suppressed its positive potential and healing powers for over 25 years. With the help from many patients, loved ones, research departments and advocate groups to get the Government’s attention to see and understand that the terminally ill and the sick should not be treated as common criminals. They are only trying to find some peace and serenity in their last days. The struggle and fight that has been going on for the last 25 years against the Government. The people were finally heard, with the legalization of Medical Marijuana. The Government wants to regulate everything for their own best interest, the positive effect of decriminalizing marijuana for the terminally ill and the positive economic benefits for our community. Cannabis Sativa, Marijuana, Weed, Herb, Mary Jane these are just a few names that this little 5 leaf plant goes by. How could this life saving and healing plant get such a bad reputation? When clearly it has nothing but positive powers, people all over the world have been using marijuana for thousands of years. Cannabis has been around since the Garden of Eden, it is even mentioned in the Bible. Yes in the Bible, in Exodus (30:22-23) â€Å"Holy anointing oil, as described in the original Hebrew version of the  recipe in Exodus (30:22-23), contained over six pounds of kaneh-bosem, a substance identified by respected etymologists, linguists, anthropologists, botanists and other researchers as cannabis, extracted into about six quarts of olive oil, along with a variety of other fragrant herbs. The ancient anointed ones were literally drenched in this potent mixture† (Bennett, 2010). â€Å"Marijuana proponents suggest that the recipe for the anointing oil passed from God to Mos es included Cannabis, or kaneh-bosem in Hebrew. They point to versions calling for fragrant cane, which they say was mistakenly changed to the plant calamus in the King James Version of the Bible† (Kari, 2011). Cannabis was good enough for God and Moses, then how come it is not good enough for us now? The United States Government wants to be in control and regulate everything we do as a United State Citizens. Marijuana was once considered a pharmaceutical medication used for a wide verity of reasons. In fact cannabis has a deep rooted history in what is now known as the United States of America. â€Å"Christopher Columbus brought Cannabis Sativa to America in 1492† (420 Milestone History Marijuana, (n.d.), 2010). â€Å"From 1000 to 1500, the use of marijuana spread further. In 1619, a law passed in Jamestown Virginia Colony, which required farmers to grow hemp. The French and British grew hemp in Colonies of Port Royal, Virginia, and Plymouth. Marijuana also became a major trade item between Central and South Asia during this time† (420 Milestone History Marijuana, (n.d.), 2010). The United States also had Presidents’ who grew cannabis. Yes Presidents’, â€Å"in Mount Vernon, George Washington grew hemp as his primary crop in 1797. Also Thomas Jefferson grew hemp as a secondary crop at Monticello. In 1840, medicines with a cannabis base were available in U.S. pharmacies. Hashish was available in Persian pharmacies† (420 Milestone History Marijuana, (n.d.), 2010). Therefore when did it become a crime to cultivate, possess, consume, and dispense marijuana? â€Å"In 1906, the Pure Food and Drug Act was passed in the U.S. and the Food and Drug Administration was formed. This was the first time drugs had any government oversight† (420 Milestone History Marijuana, (n.d.), 2010). â€Å"In 1930, The Federal Government gave control of illegal drugs to the Treasury Department, they created the Federal Bureau of Narcotics. Harry Anslinger a prohibitionist became the first commissioner  in 1930, he held that position until 1962. Anslinger declared war on drugs and effectively shaped America’s view’s and thought’s about marijuana† (420 Milestone History Marijuana, (n.d.), 2010). â€Å"October 2, 1937, Anslinger got Congress to enact the â€Å"Marihuana Tax Act†, which is to imposed registration and reporting requirements and a tax on the growers, sellers, and buyers of marijuana† (Eddy, 2010 p.2). In Eddy’s report he also writes that â€Å"Dr. William C. Woodward, legislative counsel of the American Medical Association (AMA), opposed the measure. In oral testimony before the House Ways and Means Committee, he stated that â€Å"there are evidently potentialities in the drug that should not be shut off by adverse legislation. The medical profession and pharmacologists should be left to develop the use of this drug as they see fit. Two Months later, in a letter to the Senate Finance Committee, he again argued against the act: â€Å"That there is no evidence, however, that the medicinal use of these drugs [cannabis and its preparations and derivatives] has caused or is causing cannabis addiction. As remedial agents they are used to an inconsiderable extent, and the obvious purpose and effect of this bill isto impose so many restrictions on their medicinal use as to prevent such use altogether. Since the medicinal use of cannabis has not caused and is not causing addiction, the prevention of the use of the drug for medicinal purposes can accomplish no good end whatsoever. How far it may serve to deprive the public of the benefits of a drug that on further research may prove to be of substantial value, it is important to foresee†. â€Å"Despite the AMA’s opposition, the â€Å"Marihuana Tax Act† was approved, causing all medicinal products containing marijuana to be withdrawn from the market and leading to marijuana’s removal† (Eddy, 2010 p.2). October 2, 1937, â€Å"On the very day the â€Å"Marihuana Tax Stamp Act† was passed; the FBI and Denver police raided the Lexington Hotel and arrested two people: Samuel R. Caldwell and Moses Baca. Three days later, Caldwell, a 58 year old unemployed laborer, became the first person in the U.S. to be convicted of selling of marijuana without a tax stamp. He was sentence to four years oof hard labor in Leavenworth Penitentiary. Presiding Judge J  Foster Symes, had previously stated that he considered Marijuana to be the worst of all narcotics and vowed to impose harsh sentences for violations of the â€Å"Marihuana Tax Act†. Caldwell was also fined $1,000 for the two marijuana cigarettes that were found in his possession. Baca, who was his customer, was found guilty of possession of Marijuana and was sentenced to 18 months in prison. Both men served their full sentences. Caldwell died a year after his release† (420 Milestone History Marijuana, (n.d.), 2010). This is why that â€Å"we the people† stood up, banded together, and formed  Organizations. People became spokespersons, advocates, â€Å"a voice for the cause†. Take for example, Peter McWilliams. He is the man I quoted in the beginning. â€Å"Peter was a self-help author, who advocated for the legalization of marijuana. He wrote over 40 books including â€Å"How to survive the loss of love†, â€Å"Ain’t nobody’s business if I do†. Along with poetry and how to use microcomputers. In 1996, he was diagnosed with AIDS and non- Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Like so many patients suffering from cancer or AIDS, he had extreme difficulty on keeping down the drugs that controlled his illnesses. He began to smoke marijuana to control the drug-induced nausea. It saved his life† (US: The Life and Death of Peter McWilliams, 2002). â€Å"NORML, the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws, was founded in 1970, as a nonprofit public-interest advocacy group whose mission is to end marijuana Prohibition† (Historical Timeline Medical Marijuana, (n.d.), 2011). â€Å"In 1971, President Nixon declared war on drugs. In 1972,The bipartisan Shafer Commission [National Commission on Marijuana and Drug Abuse], appointed by President Nixon at the direction of Congress [and chaired by former Pennsylvania Governor Raymond Shafer], considered laws regarding marijuana and determined that personal use of marijuana should be decriminalized. Nixon rejected the recommendation, but over the  course of the 1970s, eleven states decriminalized marijuana and most others reduced their penalties (Busted: Americas War on Marijuana., 2010). Possession of marihuana for personal use would no longer be an offense, but marihuana possessed in public would remain contraband subject to summary seizure and forfeiture. Casual distribution of small amounts of marihuana for no remuneration, or insignificant remuneration not involving profit would no longer be an offense (Busted: Americas War on Marijuana., 2010). 1973,â€Å"The Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs (BNND) and the Office of Drug Abuse Law Enforcement (ODALE) are merged to form the US Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)† (420 Milestone History Marijuana, (n.d.), 2010). In November, 1976, a Washington, DC man [Robert Randall] afflicted by glaucoma employed the little-used Common Law Doctrine of Necessity to defend himself against criminal charges of marijuana cultivation† (US v. Randall). â€Å"On November 24, 1976, federal Judge James Washington ruled Randalls use of Marijuana constituted a medical necessity, Judge Washington dismissed criminal charges against Randall. Concurrent with this judicial determination, federal agencies responding to a May, 1976 petition filed by Randall, began providing this patient with licit, FDA-approved access to government supplies of medical marijuana. Randall was the first American to receive marijuana for the treatment of a medical disorder† (National Institute on Drug Abuse [NIDA] 1998).  1978, â€Å"New Mexico passed the first state law recognizing the medical value of marijuana  [Controlled Substances Therapeutic Research Act]. Over the next few years, more than 30 states  passed similar legislation. (Scott, 1994). Voters in California [pass] a state medical  marijuana initiative in 1996. Known as Proposition 215(45 KB), it permits  patients and their primary caregivers, with a physicians recommendation, to pos sess and cultivate marijuana for the treatment of AIDS, cancer, muscular spasticity, migraines, and several other disorders; it also protects them from punishment if they recommend marijuana to their patients (Joy, PhD. Mack, 2011) The New England Journal of Medicine publishes an editorial written by Jerome P. Kassirer, MD, titled Federal Foolishness and Marijuana. The article states: Federal authorities should rescind their prohibition of the medicinal use of marijuana for seriously ill patients and allow physicians to decide which patients to treat. The government should change marijuanas status from that of a Schedule I drug (considered to be potentially addictive and with no current medical use) to that of a Schedule II drug (potentially addictive but with some accepted medical use) and regulate it accordingly† (Kassier, 1997). In January 2004, California passed SB 420, which states the guidelines for growing marijuana. Yes this bill also went through the court system. In May 2008, second district court of appeals ruling in Kelley case that the possession limits set by SB 420 violate the California Constitution because the voters approved Prop 215 can only be amended by the voters. With Prop 215 you can legally be in possession of marijuana and with SB 420 you can legally grow. This has drastically reduce crime in our cities and form a more productive society through its positive uses. In 2013, medical marijuana is a thriving and growing business for all those involved from the growers, to the â€Å"caregivers clubs† with their green cross symbols above their doors (yes like the Red Cross, but green) making it possible for the medical community, and the consumer to know they have found the right place. As of this date there is a total of 18 states and DC now known as Medical Marijuana States. With 11 more states pending legalization to legalize medical marijuana. Now legal for others to seek and receive this healing and lifesaving plant. Since the Government has allowed each state to listen to its people, and as it stands today marijuana is legal and available for all those who have a recommendation card. Now it is not a crime for the terminally ill and sick to gain access to the medication that they so greatly need to function on day-to-day bases. You might wonder, â€Å"How do I know so much or even care  about marijuana being legal†? I am also a member, because I have a recommendation card. I have had mine for about a year now. My doctor prescribed it for me when I told him I was depressed (over the death of my baby boy Marshall) and I did not want to take any manufactured manmade pill and have to worry about the side effects. Medical marijuana has done the trick for me, I take as need by my doctors’ direction. I have to say, that it has saved me. Also The Government, State and City get to collect the taxes and the dispensaries make their money and the clients get their much need lifesaving medication. Crime is down and people are employed, and the Government gets to have their say, but in the end â€Å"We the People† were finally heard, and this little plant is finally back where it belongs. To quote one of my favorite comedians: ~It’s not a war on drugs, it’s a war on personal freedom it’s what it is ok, Keep that in mind at all times. Thank you†~ ~ Bill Hicks~ References Bennett, C. (2010). Historical Timeline Medical Marijuana. Retrieved from http://medicalmarijuana.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceid=000143 Eddy, M. (2010). Medical Marijuana: Review and Analysis of Federal and State Policies.. Retrieved from Federation of American Scientist/Congressional Research and State Service Reports: http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33211.pdf Hicks, B. (1996). Lateralus (Album). Retrieved from Tool (Group) Joy, PhD., J., Mack, A. (2011). Marijuana as Medicine Beyond Controversy, 200. Retrieved from http://www.brainz.org/420-milestone-history-marijuana Kari, S. (2011). Historical Timeline Medical Marijuana. Retrieved from http://medicalmarijuana.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceid=000143 Kassier, J. P. (1997). Federal Foolishness and Marijuana. Retrieved from http://www.brainz.org/420-milestone-history-marijuana McWilliams, P. (1996). Quotes by Peter McWilliams: Finest Quotes. Retrieved from http://www.finestquotes.com/author_quotes_authors-Peter+McWilliams-page-0.html Scott, E. (1994). Marional: The Little Synthetic That Couldn’t. Retrieved from http://www.druglibrary.org/significate-legal-cases.htlm 420 Milestone History Marijuana, (n.d.). (2010). Retrieved from http://www.braniz.org/420-milestone-history-marijuana Busted: â€Å"America’s War on Marijuana. (2010). Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org Historical Timeline Medical Marijuana, (n.d.). (2011). Retrieved from http://www.medicalmarijuana.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceid=000143 National Institute on Drug Abuse [NIDA]. (1998). Retrieved from Provision of Marijuana and Other Compound for Scientific Research Recommendations of the National Institute on Drug Abuse National Advisory Council, NIDA website US: The Life and Death of Peter McWilliams. (2002). Retrieved from http://www.mapinc.org/drugnews/v00/n948/a03.html